Synthesis of out-of-equilibrium oscillating chemical reaction networks

System-level functions of living systems, such as homeostasis, bistability, and temporal pattern formation, are controlled by complex chemical reaction networks (CRNs) whose characteristics transcend the properties of individual molecules and reactions. Despite substantial efforts in the engineering of complex molecular systems, the construction of functional out-of-equilibrium networks that take advantage of the versatility of synthetic chemistry remains a major challenge. Here, we present a versatile strategy for 'synthesizing' programmable enzymatic reaction networks in microfluidic flow reactors that exhibit sustained oscillations.